The Style of Milan Kundera :: Biography Biographies Essays

The Style of Milan Kundera ex is ten tial ism - A philosophy that emphasizes the uniqueness and isolation of the individual experience in a hostile or indifferent universe, regards human existence as unexplainable, and stresses freedom of choice and responsibility for the consequences of one's acts. This word has been used when describing Milan Kundera’s style of writing. The term existentialism came from Jean Paul Sartre, a French philosopher. Existentialism emphasizes individual existence, freedom and choice. The philosophy focuses on the existence of man. Sartre believed that to be a true existentialist one must accept that there is no God therefore man is alone with only himself to rely on for all decisions. This gives man total freedom of choice. However with this total freedom comes the responsibility of knowing one must choose wisely. Kundera applies this philosophy to his characters in â€Å"The Unbearable Lightness of Being†. He shows us how the four lovers choices affect their lives. Will the characters choose lightness or weight? After seven years of living with the ‘heaviness† of Tereza, Tomas thinks he will enjoy â€Å"the sweet lightness of being† (Kundera P 30) when she leaves him. However, he soon realizes that the lightness of her absence is swiftly replaced by the heaviness of her absence. Franz on the other hand leaves his wife for Sabina, but when Sabina rejects him and his wife will not take him back Franz finds that he enjoys the lightness of his life. Tomas wished to be free but found it was not what he wanted at all. Franz who wished to be tied reveled in his freedom. â€Å"At last he ceased to be a little boy; for the first time in his life he was on his own.† (Kundera p120) Sabina did not want to be Mari-Claude. She did not want to share a marriage bed with Franz, but when she left him her lightness was not joy, it was emptiness. â€Å" What fell to her lot was not the burden [heaviness] but the unbearable lightness of being.† (Kundera P 122) When Tereza has sex with the engineer she thought it would help her understand how Tomas could sleep with many women in lightness without the burden of love. Tereza thinks, â€Å"How she [Tereza] wished she could learn lightness!†(Kundera P143) Instead she thought if the engineer â€Å"addressed her soul† she would have fallen in love with him at that instant.

The Lust Lizard of Melancholy Cove Chapter 1

This one's for Mom Prologue September in Pine Cove is a sigh of relief, a nightcap, a long-deserved nap. Soft autumn light filters through the trees, the tourists go back to Los Angeles and San Francisco, and Pine Cove's five thousand residents wake up to discover that they can once again find a parking place, get a table in a restaurant, and walk the beaches without being conked by an errant Frisbee. September is a promise. Rain will come at last and turn the golden pastures around Pine Cove green, the tall Monterey pines that cover the hills will stop dropping their needles, the forests of Big Sur will stop burning, the grim smile developed over the summer by the waitresses and clerks will bloom into something resembling real human expression, children will return to school and the joy of old friends, drugs, and weapons that they missed over the summer, and everyone, at last, will get some rest. Come September, Theophilus Crowe, the town constable, lovingly clips the sticky purple buds from his sensimilla plants. Mavis, down at the Head of the Slug Saloon, funnels her top-shelf liquors back into the well from whence they came. The tree service guys, with their chain saws, take down the dead and dying pines lest they crash through someone's roof with the winter storms. Woodpiles grow tall and wide around Pine Cove homes and the chimney sweep goes to a twelve-hour workday. The sunscreen and needless souvenir shit shelf at Brine's Bait, Tackle, and Fine Wines is cleared and restocked with candles, flashlight batteries, and lamp oil. (Monterey pine trees have notoriously shallow root systems and an affinity for falling on power lines.) At the Pine Cove Boutique, the hideous reindeer sweater is marked up for winter to await being marked back down for the tenth consecutive spring. In Pine Cove, where nothing happens (or at least nothing has happened for a long time), September is an event: a quiet celebration. The people like their events quiet. The reason they came here from the cities in the first place was to get away from things happening. September is a celebration of sameness. Each September is like the last. Except for this year. This year three things happened. Not big things, by city standards, but three things that coldcocked the beloved status quo nonetheless: forty miles to the south, a tiny and not very dangerous leak opened in a cooling pipe at the Diablo Canyon Nuclear Power Plant; Mavis Sand advertised in Songwriter magazine for a Blues singer to play through the winter at the Head of the Slug Saloon; and Bess Leander, wife and mother of two, hung herself. Three things, omens if you will. September is a promise of what is to come. Admitting You Have a Problem â€Å"Dear, dear, how queer everything is today! And yesterday everything went on just as usual. I wonder if I've been changed in the night? Let me think: Was I the same when I got up this morning? I almost think I can remember feeling a little different. But if I'm not the same, the next question is: Who in the world am I? Ah, that's the great puzzle!† – LEWIS CARROLL, Alice's Adventures in Wonderland One Theophilus Crowe As dead people went, Bess Leander smelled pretty good: lavender, sage, and a hint of clove. There were seven Shaker chairs hung on pegs on the walls of the Leanders' dining room. The eighth was overturned under Bess, who hung from the peg by a calico cloth rope around her neck. Dried flowers, baskets of various shapes and sizes, and bundles of dried herbs hung from the open ceiling beams. Theophilus Crowe knew he should be doing cop stuff, but he just stood there with two emergency medical technicians from the Pine Cove Fire Department, staring up at Bess as if they were inspecting the newly installed angel on a Christmas tree. Theo thought the pastel blue of Bess's skin went nicely with her cornflower-blue dress and the patterns of the English china displayed on simple wooden shelves at the end of the room. It was 7 A.M. and Theo, as usual, was a little stoned. Theo could hear sobs coming from upstairs, where Joseph Leander held his two daughters, who were still in their nightgowns. There was no evid-ence of a masculine presence anywhere in the house. It was Country Cute: bare pine floors and bent willow baskets, flowers and rag dolls and herb-flavored vinegars in blown-glass bottles; Shaker antiques, copper kettles, embroidery samplers, spinning wheels, lace doilies, and porcelain placards with prayers from the Dutch. Not a sports page or remote control in sight. Not a thing out of place or a speck of dust anywhere. Joseph Leander must have walked very light to live in this house without leaving tracks. A man less sensitive than Theo might have called him whipped. â€Å"That guy's whipped,† one of the EMTs said. His name was Vance McNally. He was fifty-one, short and muscular, and wore his hair slicked back with oil, just as he had in high school. Occasionally, in his capacity as an EMT, he saved lives, which was his rationalization for being a dolt the rest of the time. â€Å"He just found his wife hanging in the dining room, Vance,† Theo pronounced over the heads of the EMTs. He was six-foot-six, and even in his flannel shirt and sneakers he could loom large when he needed to assert some authority. â€Å"She looks like Raggedy Ann,† said Mike, the other EMT, who was in his early twenties and excited to be on his first suicide call. â€Å"I heard she was Amish,† Vance said. â€Å"She's not Amish,† Theo said. â€Å"I didn't say she was Amish, I just said I heard that. I figured she wasn't Amish when I saw the blender in the kitchen. Amish don't believe in blenders, do they?† â€Å"Mennonite,† Mike said with as much authority as his junior status would afford. â€Å"What's a Mennonite?† Vance asked. â€Å"Amish with blenders.† â€Å"She wasn't Amish,† Theo said. â€Å"She looks Amish,† Vance said. â€Å"Well, her husband's not Amish,† Mike said. â€Å"How can you tell?† Vance said. â€Å"He has a beard.† â€Å"Zipper on his jacket,† Mike said. â€Å"Amish don't have zippers.† Vance shook his head. â€Å"Mixed marriages. They never work.† â€Å"She wasn't Amish!† Theo shouted. â€Å"Think what you want, Theo, there's a butter churn in the living room. I think that says it all.† Mike rubbed at a mark on the wall beneath Bess's feet where her black buckled shoes had scraped as she convulsed. â€Å"Don't touch anything,† Theo said. â€Å"Why? She can't yell at us, she's dead. We wiped our feet on the way in,† Vance said. Mike stepped away from the wall. â€Å"Maybe she couldn't stand anything touching her floors. Hanging was the only way.† Not to be outdone by the detective work of his protg, Vance said, â€Å"You know, the sphincters usually open up on a hanging victim – leave an awful mess. I'm wondering if she actually hanged herself.† â€Å"Shouldn't we call the police?† Mike said. â€Å"I am the police,† Theo said. He was Pine Cove's only constable, duly elected eight years ago and reelected every other year thereafter. â€Å"No, I mean the real police,† Mike said. â€Å"I'll radio the sheriff,† Theo said. â€Å"I don't think there's anything you can do here, guys. Would you mind calling Pastor Williams from the Presby-terian church to come over? I need to talk to Joseph and I need someone to stay with the girls.† â€Å"They were Presbyterians?† Vance seemed shocked. He had really put his heart into the Amish theory. â€Å"Please call,† Theo said. He left the EMTs and went out through the kitchen to his Volvo, where he switched the radio over to the frequency used by the San Junipero Sheriff's Department, then sat there staring at the mike. He was going to catch hell from Sheriff Burton for this. â€Å"North Coast is yours, Theo. All yours,† the sheriff had said. My deputies will pick up suspects, answer robbery calls, and let the Highway Patrol investigate traffic accidents on Highway 1, that's it. Otherwise, you keep them out of Pine Cove and your little secret stays secret.† Theo was forty-one years old and he still felt as if he was hiding from the junior high vice principal, laying low. Things like this weren't supposed to happen in Pine Cove. Nothing happened in Pine Cove. He took a quick hit from his Sneaky Pete smokeless pot pipe before keying the mike and calling in the deputies. Joseph Leander sat on the edge of the bed. He'd changed out of his pajamas into a blue business suit, but his thinning hair was still sticking out in sleep horns on the side. He was thirty-five, sandy-haired, thin but working on a paunch that strained the buttons of his vest. Theo sat across from him on a chair, holding a notepad. They could hear the sheriff's deputies moving around downstairs. â€Å"I can't believe she'd do this,† Joseph said. Theo reached over and squeezed the grieving husband's bicep. â€Å"I'm really sorry, Joe. She didn't say anything that would indicate she was thinking about doing something like this?† Joseph shook his head without looking up. â€Å"She was getting better. Val had given her some pills and she seemed to be getting better.† â€Å"She was seeing Valerie Riordan?† Theo asked. Valerie was Pine Cove's only clinical psychiatrist. â€Å"Do you know what kind of pills?† â€Å"Zoloft,† Joseph said. â€Å"I think it's an antidepressant.† Theo wrote down the name of the drug on his notepad. â€Å"Then Bess was depressed?† â€Å"No, she just had this cleaning thing. Everything had to be cleaned every day. She'd clean something, then go back five minutes later and clean it again. She was making life miserable for the girls and me. She'd make us take our shoes and socks off, then wash our feet in a basin before we came into the house. But she wasn't depressed.† Theo wrote down â€Å"crazy† on his notepad. â€Å"When was the last time Bess went to see Val?† â€Å"Maybe six weeks ago. When she first got the pills. She really seemed to be doing better. She even left the dishes in the sink overnight once. I was proud of her.† â€Å"Where are her pills, Joseph?† â€Å"Medicine cabinet.† Joseph gestured to the bathroom. Theo excused himself and went to the bathroom. The brown prescription bottle was the only thing in the medicine cabinet other than disinfectants and some Q-Tips. The bottle was about half-full. â€Å"I'm going to take these with me,† Theo said, pocketing the pills. â€Å"The sheriff's deputies are going to ask you some of these same questions, Joseph. You just tell them what you told me, okay? Joseph nodded. â€Å"I think I should be with the girls.† â€Å"Just a bit longer, okay? I'll send up the deputy in charge.† Theo heard a car start outside and went to the window to see an ambulance pulling away, the lights and siren off. Bess Leander's body riding off to the morgue. He turned back to Joseph. â€Å"Call me if you need anything. I'm going to go talk to Val Riordan.† Joseph stood up. â€Å"Theo, don't tell anyone that Bess was on antidepressants. She didn't want anyone to know. She was ashamed.† â€Å"I won't. Call me if you need me.† Theo left the room. A sharply dressed plainclothes deputy met him at the bottom of the steps. Theo saw by the badge on his belt that he was a detective sergeant. â€Å"You're Crowe. John Voss.† He extended his hand and Theo shook it. â€Å"We're supposed to take it from here,† Voss said. â€Å"What have you got?† Theo was at once relieved and offended. Sheriff Burton was going to push him off the case without even talking to him. â€Å"No note,† Theo said. â€Å"I called you guys ten minutes after I got the call. Joseph said she wasn't depressed, but she was on medication. He came downstairs to have breakfast and found her.† â€Å"Did you look around?† Voss asked. â€Å"This place has been scoured. There isn't a smudge or a spot anywhere. It's like someone cleaned up the scene.† â€Å"She did that,† Theo said. â€Å"She was a clean freak.† Voss scoffed. â€Å"She cleaned the house, then hung herself? Please.† Theo shrugged. He really didn't like this cop stuff. â€Å"I'm going to go talk to her psychiatrist. I'll let you know what she says.† â€Å"Don't talk to anybody, Crowe. This is my investigation.† Theo smiled. â€Å"Okay. But she hung herself and that's all there is. Don't make it into anything it's not. The family is in pretty bad shape.† â€Å"I'm a professional,† Voss said, throwing it like an insult, implying that Theo was just dicking around in law enforcement, which, in a way, he was. â€Å"Did you check out the Amish cult angle?† Theo asked, trying to keep a straight face. Maybe he shouldn't have gotten high today. â€Å"What?† â€Å"Right, you're the pro,† Theo said. â€Å"I forgot.† And he walked out of the house. In the Volvo, Theo pulled the thin Pine Cove phone directory out of the glove compartment and was looking up Dr. Valerie Riordan's number when a call came in on the radio. Fight at the Head of the Slug Saloon. It was 8:30 A.M. Mavis It was rumored among the regulars at the Head of the Slug that under Mavis Sand's slack, wrinkled, liver-spot ted skin lay the gleaming metal skeleton of a Terminator. Mavis first began augmenting her parts in the fifties, first out of vanity: breasts, eyelashes, hair. Later, as she aged and the concept of maintenance eluded her, she began having parts replaced as they failed, until almost half of her body weight was composed of stainless steel (hips, elbows, shoulders, finger joints, rods fused to vertebrae five through twelve), silicon wafers (hearing aids, pacemaker, insulin pump), advanced polymer resins (cataract replace-ment lenses, dentures), Kevlar fabric (abdominal wall reinforcement), ti-tanium (knees, ankles), and pork (ventricular heart valve). In fact, if not for the pig valve, Mavis would have jumped classes directly from animal to mineral, without the traditional stop at vegetable taken by most. The more inventive drunks at the Slug (little more than vegetables themsel ves) swore that sometimes, between songs on the jukebox, one could hear tiny but powerful servomotors whirring Mavis around behind the bar. Mavis was careful never to crush a beer can or move a full keg in plain sight of the customers lest she feed the rumors and ruin her image of girlish vulner-ability. When Theo entered the Head of the Slug, he saw ex-scream-queen Molly Michon on the floor with her teeth locked into the calf of a gray-haired man who was screeching like a mashed cat. Mavis stood over them both, brandishing her Louisville Slugger, ready to belt one of them out of the park. â€Å"Theo,† Mavis shrilled, â€Å"you got ten seconds to get this wacko out of my bar before I brain her.† â€Å"No, Mavis.† Theo raced forward and knocked Mavis's bat aside while reaching into his back pocket for his handcuffs. He pried Molly's hands from around the man's ankle and shackled them behind her back. The gray-haired man's screams hit a higher pitch. Theo got down on the floor and spoke into Molly's ear. â€Å"Let go, Molly. You've got to let go of the man's leg.† An animal sound emanated from Molly's throat and bubbled out through blood and saliva. Theo stroked her hair out of her face. â€Å"I can't fix the problem if you don't tell me what it is, Molly. I can't understand you with that guy's leg in your mouth.† â€Å"Stand back, Theo,† Mavis said. â€Å"I'm going to brain her.† Theo waved Mavis away. The gray-haired man screamed even louder. â€Å"Hey!† Theo shouted. â€Å"Pipe down. I'm trying to have a conversation here.† The gray-haired man lowered his volume. â€Å"Molly, look at me.† Theo saw a blue eye look away from the leg and the bloodlust faded from it. He had her back. â€Å"That's right, Molly. It's me, Theo. Now what's the problem?† She spit out the man's leg and turned to look at Theo. Mavis helped the man to a bar stool. â€Å"Get her out of here,† Mavis said. â€Å"She's eighty-sixed. This time forever.† Theo kept his eyes locked on Molly's. â€Å"Are you okay?† She nodded. Bloody drool was running down her chin. Theo grabbed a bar napkin and wiped it away, careful to keep his fingers away from her mouth. â€Å"I'm going to help you up now and we're going to go outside and talk about this, okay?† Molly nodded and Theo picked her up by the shoulders, set her on her feet, and steered her toward the door. He looked over his shoulder at the bitten man. â€Å"You okay? You need a doctor?† â€Å"I didn't do anything to her. I've never seen that woman before in my life. I just stopped in for a drink.† Theo looked at Mavis for confirmation. â€Å"He hit on her,† Mavis said. â€Å"But that's no excuse. A girl should appreciate the attention.† She turned and batted her spiderlike false eyelashes at the bitten man. â€Å"I could show you some appreciation, sweetie.† The bitten man looked around in a panic. â€Å"No, I'm fine. No doctor. I'm just fine. My wife's waiting for me.† â€Å"As long as you're okay,† Theo said. â€Å"And you don't want to press charges or anything?† â€Å"No, just a misunderstanding. Soon as you get her out of here, I'll be heading out of town.† There was a collective sigh of disappointment from the regulars who had been placing side bets on who Mavis would hit with her bat. â€Å"Thanks,† Theo said. He shot Mavis a surreptitious wink and led Molly out to the street, excusing himself and his prisoner as they passed an old Black man who was coming through the door carrying a guitar case. â€Å"I ‘spose a man run outta sweet talk and liquor, he gots to go to mo' direct measures,† the old Black man said to the bar with a dazzling grin. â€Å"Someone here lookin fo' a Bluesman?† Molly Michon Theo put Molly into the passenger side of the Volvo. She sat with her head down, her great mane of gray-streaked blonde hair hanging in her face. She wore an oversized green sweater, tights, and high-top sneakers, one red, one blue. She could have been thirty or fifty – and she told Theo a different age every time he picked her up. Theo went around the car and climbed in. He said, â€Å"You know, Molly, when you bite a guy on the leg, you're right on the edge of ‘a danger to others or yourself,' you know that?† She nodded and sniffled. A tear dropped out of the mass of hair and spotted her sweater. â€Å"Before I start driving, I need to know that you're calmed down. Do I need to put you in the backseat?† â€Å"It wasn't a fit,† Molly said. â€Å"I was defending myself. He wanted a piece of me.† She lifted her head and turned to Theo, but her hair still covered her face. â€Å"Are you taking your drugs?† â€Å"Meds, they call them meds.† â€Å"Sorry,† Theo said. â€Å"Are you taking your meds?† She nodded. â€Å"Wipe your hair out of your face, Molly, I can barely understand you.† â€Å"Handcuffs, whiz kid.† Theo almost slapped his forehead: idiot! He really needed to stop getting stoned on the job. He reached up and carefully brushed her hair away from her face. The expression he found there was one of bemusement. â€Å"You don't have to be so careful. I don't bite.† Theo smiled. â€Å"Well, actually†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Oh fuck you. You going to take me to County?† â€Å"Should I?† â€Å"I'll just be back in seventy-two and the milk in my refrigerator will be spoiled.† â€Å"Then I'd better take you home.† He started the car and circled the block to head back to the Fly Rod Trailer Court. He would have taken a back way if he could, to save Molly some embarrassment, but the Fly Rod was right off Cypress, Pine Cove's main street. As they passed the bank, people getting out of their cars turned to stare. Molly made faces at them out the window. â€Å"That doesn't help, Molly.† â€Å"Fuck 'em. Fans just want a piece of me. I can give 'em that. I've got my soul.† â€Å"Mighty generous of you.† â€Å"If you weren't a fan, I wouldn't let you do this.† â€Å"Well, I am. Huge fan.† Actually, he'd never heard of her until the first time he was called to take her away from H.P.'s Cafe, where she had attacked the espresso machine because it wouldn't quit staring at her. â€Å"No one understands. Everyone takes a piece of you, then there's nothing left for you. Even the meds take a piece of you. Do you have any idea what I'm talking about here?† Theo looked at her. â€Å"I have such a mind-numbing fear of the future that the only way I can function at all is with equal amounts of denial and drugs.† â€Å"Jeez, Theo, you're really fucked up.† â€Å"Thanks.† â€Å"You can't go around saying crazy shit like that.† â€Å"I don't normally. It's been a tough day so far.† He turned into the Fly Rod Trailer Court: twenty run-down trailers perched on the bank of Santa Rosa Creek, which carried only a trickle of water after the long, dry summer. A grove of cypress trees hid the trailer park from the main street and the view of passing tourists. The chamber of commerce had made the owner of the park take down the sign at the entrance. The Fly Rod was a dirty little secret for Pine Cove, and they kept it well. Theo stopped in front of Molly's trailer, a vintage fifties single-wide with small louvered windows and streaks of rust running from the roof. He got Molly out of the car and took off the handcuffs. Theo said, â€Å"I'm going to see Val Riordan. You want me to have her call something in to the pharmacy for you?† â€Å"No, I've got my meds. I don't like 'em, but I got 'em.† She rubbed her wrists. â€Å"Why you going to see Val? You going nuts?† â€Å"Probably, but this is business. You going to be okay now?† â€Å"I have to study my lines.† â€Å"Right.† Theo started to go, then turned. â€Å"Molly, what were you doing at the Slug at eight in the morning?† â€Å"How should I know?† â€Å"If the guy at the Slug had been a local, I'd be taking you to County right now, you know that?† â€Å"I wasn't having a fit. He wanted a piece of me.† â€Å"Stay out of the Slug for a while. Stay home. Just groceries, okay?† â€Å"You won't talk to the tabloids?† He handed her a business card. â€Å"Next time someone tries to take a piece of you, call me. I always have the cell phone with me.† She pulled up her sweater and tucked the card into the waistband of her tights, then, still holding up her sweater, she turned and walked to her trailer with a slow sway. Thirty or fifty, under the sweater she still had a figure. Theo watched her walk, forgetting for a minute who she was. Without looking back, she said, â€Å"What if it's you, Theo? Who do I call then?† Theo shook his head like a dog trying to clear water from its ears, then crawled into the Volvo and drove away. I've been alone too long, he thought.

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Family Dynamic And Relationships Have A Tremendous On The...

Family dynamic and relationships have a tremendous on the emotional and psychological development of a Child. Studies show that children who experience strenuous or abnormal relationships with family members are more likely to participate in crime as a juvenile. Naturally parents have the strongest impact over their child teaching them through experiences, consequences and supervision. During development the close family members particularly the parents provide behavioral guidance to the child. This guidance is crucial because it forms the child perception of right and wrong, the moral compass. This is done by observing the parental actions and behaviors at home and with others. At an early age this guidance allows a child to assimilate and behave according to the standards of society. In cases where the parents are absent or are lacking a bond with their children, the standards of acceptable behavior is modified or lacking. Making it difficult for the child to realize their actio ns are deviant. In the video a young girl, Jerilyn was sent to the Arizona school penitentiary for child molestation, the reporter suggests that she did not understand her actions or why she did them to her young nephew. Jerilyn was also molested as a child and may not have understood fully the negative extent of her actions. Often times, since the moral compass is based off of the child parents, the parents don’t realize the deviant behavior in order to fix it or they don’t understand theShow MoreRelatedDevelopmental History Analysis1407 Words   |  6 PagesDevelopmental History Analysis Life-Span Development Developmental History Analysis Often in human services, compiling a developmental history is an essential part of gathering information that will provide critical details to assist providers in making choices that will help clients receive assistance with health and psychological issues. 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Transformational Leadership Civil Services Agencies

Question: Describe about the Transformational Leadership for Civil Services Agencies. Answer: Introduction Safety leadership is the way the interaction between the leaders and followers take place. Through this process, the leaders exercise hold on their followers in order to accomplish organisational safety goals. The responsibility domain of safety leadership incorporates supervision, training, accountability, resources, and support. The leader who is following this framework has to oversee the activities in the production process and ensure the safety of the workers. They are also liable to conduct training and giving education regarding safety measures in workplaces. As stated by Rajasekar, Abri and Tabouk (2013), the leaders have to insist on the fact that everyone falls under the safety policies and regulations of the organization. The leaders have to communicate with the superiors and provide the physical resources, equipments, tools, and materials to the workers so that the workers can work in a safe place. The leaders along with the company have to create a supporting psychosocia l working environment. According to Cameron, Hare and Duff (2013), this will ensure that the workers are no performing under pressure which is unfair. The report shows the essence of safety leadership in the terms of a director or a project manager and in terms of a site manager or supervisor. Literature review on safety leadership Safety leadership In the view of Hardison et al. (2014), safety leadership starts from the boardroom to the first line of supervisor. With the change in the position the job profile changes and so does the responsibilities for those who are involved in the safety leadership. The responsibilities and the views of the involved personnel are to some extent similar, although, there are some differences which depend on the position of the concerned person in the organization. The ultimate goal is same for all of them, which is to create a safe working place for the employees, but the role they are playing in the organization are different. The report focuses on two types of personnel in an organization where safety leadership prevails. These two types of managers are project manager and site manager. The purpose of a project manager is to create strategies which will ensure safety in the work place. On the other hand, a site managers job is operational, where the manager realizes the strategies according to a plan which is created by the project manager. Safety leadership is more needed in those organizations which incorporates projects involving hands-on field work. These types of organizations are those which operate in the construction, energy, automotive, utility, and manufacturing industries. A director or project manager As stated by AlKindy, Shah and Jusoh (2016), the project manager of an organization has the job of identifying the importance of creating and maintaining a working environment which is safe for the employees who are involved in the project. If a project finishes on time with an injured team member then the project will not be labelled successful, this is the idea of safety leadership. If the project manager can ensure the employees that they will have sufficient time to finish the project, then there is a little probability of making a harsh or bad decision and the project will not go in the wrong direction. This will, in turn, ensure higher quality of production. Projects with fewer safety issues show fewer quality problems. It also shows that safety issues and quality have a negative relationship. According to Shen et al. (2015), safety and the quality of production relates to the productivity and efficiency. This plays a vital role in reducing the cost of production. As the worker s of a team know that the project manager along with the management team are looking after their personal safety they will perform better. As stated by Conchie, Moon and Duncan (2013), they will also try to be safe in the project and keep their teammates the same. The project manager also has to correct the unsafe situations incorporated in a project. For this purpose, the safety needs have to be kept in the frontline of communication. The risk management team assigned to the project has to be aware of the personal cost as well as the projects and the teams cost associated with the job. In the view of Dainty and Loosemore (2013), a project manager failing to do, can result in an emergency situation, where lives can be at risk. The project manager also has to ensure that the contracts are designed in such a way that those reinforce the importance of safety in the place of work. The project manager requires believing that safety measures holds the most importance in a project, only th en the stakeholders will have understand the importance of it. A site manager or supervisor: In the view of Ulrich, Smallwood and Sweetman (2013), a site manager or a supervisors job in creating an environment of safety leadership is clearly designed. The result of a project depends on how a supervisor executes his or her job. A supervisor has to be able to encourage the workers or team members to communicate about safety. The supervisor also has to ensure that diversity is kept intact in the workplace where communication about safety is taking place. As stated by Fang and Wu (2013), the supervisor also has to ensure the communication happens in a two way process. The supervisor has to employ the idea of leading by example. Employees tend to do what their leader usually does. Hence, the supervisor has the responsibility of creating good examples for them. As stated by Biggs et al. (2013), the supervisor showing a positive attitude towards safety improves the working environment. He has to value safety over production and let the employees know that lives are more valuable th an the projects. According to Gillen et al. (2014) apart from these, sharing important information which is directly or indirectly related to safety in workplace, giving value to safety measures over the production, enabling a positive chain of communication between the frontline and the senior management of the organization, and correcting poor measures of safety are a supervisors responsibility in safety leadership. It is both of the managers duty to assign every Analysis of the types of management Similarities between the two levels of management As stated by Blatstein (2012), both the site manager and the project manager have the same goal ahead. The similarities they have are in the terms of their ultimate purposes. Their goal is to reduce the risks of operating in an industry where the projects are mainly hands-on-fields type. They both face the responsibility of creating a working environment where safety and precautions tops the priority list. In the view of Rojas (2013), their job is to secure the working environment in such a way that it inspires the employees to produce what they are supposed to. This way the product will also be of high quality. Both of these two types of anagers have to work with their subordinates. Both of them are responsible for the failures and success within the organization. While the project manager sets the objectives and targets for a team, the supervisor with the help of the available resources within the company finishes those tasks. In case of safety leadership, the project manager sets the barometer which is used by the supervisor in order to assess the employees results. Some organizations take both of their duties and add those up together to get a higher valued safety leadership in the company. This increases the efficiency in the production team. The recruitments done for the team becomes much more accurate because of this. Thus in special cases the combination of two management types can be recommended. A further research will show how this will work. It will also decrease the probability of miscommunication in the company. The synchronization between these two managements is thus needed for creating an error free production process with the same objectives. Differences between the two levels of management As stated by Bralee et al. (2015), a supervisor is the person who regulates the workers and their performance in a project. The supervisor is directly associated with the safety leadership style. On the other hand, the project manager is mainly associated with making strategies and manages the resources of the organization to achieve the goals. The management job done by a site manager is termed as lower level management, whereas, the director operates in middle level management. As stated by Li et al. (2015), the supervisor reports to the project manager in order to get accustomed with the safety measures and regarding strategies. The project manager reports to the senior management or the board of directors to elaborate the plans and strategies. The supervisor is responsible for looking after the performance of every worker in the team. The project manger looks after the performance of the whole department. He makes strategies accordingly, which is later followed by the supervisor. The supervisor in safety leadership does not possess the right to hire fire and promote a worker, although he has the right to recommend people for a job. On the other hand, the project manager has the authority of hiring, firing, and promoting people as this person deals with all the resources daily. As stated by Floros (2015), the job of a supervisor is to follow a more introvert approach as he is responsible for the safety of his team members only. On the other hand, the project manager follows an ambient approach as he is responsible for the safety of the whole organizations employees. The supervisor looks after his peoples safety in the working place while the project manager looks after the organizations men, money, machinery, material and methods. Conclusion and Recommendation Conclusion In conclusion it can be said that both of the management plays their respective roles in order to keep a working environment safe. The safety leadership is determined by these traits of managements. The project manager plays the role of the plan maker. His plans and strategies are created and developed in such a way that those benefit the employees with their safety in the workplace. The supervisor realizes the plans strategically as per the plans. He ensures that the safety leadership is maintained at every stage of production. Under his guidance every employee of the organization maintains productivity with high quality and proper safety measures. The best way for the project manager to function is to look for the operational goals that have been set by the project managers strategic plans and work step by step. Both of the project manager and supervisor have the responsibility of not putting unnecessary pressure on the employees to meet the budget and schedule, as this might make the employees make bad decisions. This, in turn, increases the chance of casualties. The difference between the two types of management lies in their functions. They approach the same goal from different perspectives. The supervisor is the best person in this job to have significant influence on the project results. The supervisor stays in the field along with the employees and thus knows the production system and the team better. This gives him the opportunity creates a safe environment for the workers and look after the detailing of the strategies created by the project manager. Recommendation and explanation: From the research done above, the following can be recommended for an organization to get the optimal output: The organization can combine the duties of a supervisor and a project manager. The organization can use safety leadership as the fore line of the companys communication system. Explanation: The combination of the two duties will reduce the communication gap between the managements in an organization. This will also make the production process of the organization efficient. This efficiency will reduce the cost of production. Putting the safety issues at the front line of the company will make it clear to the employees of the main concerns in the organization regarding the safety issues. This will also help the management plan strategies accordingly. The organization can benefit from these two options. References AlKindy, A.M., Shah, I.M. and Jusoh, A., 2016. The Impact of Transformational Leadership Behaviors on Work Performance of Omani Civil Service Agencies. Asian Social Science, 12(3), p.152. Biggs, S.E., Banks, T.D., Davey, J.D. and Freeman, J.E., 2013. Safety leaders perceptions of safety culture in a large Australasian construction organisation. Safety science, 52, pp.3-12. Blatstein, I.M., 2012. Strategic Planning: Predicting or Shaping the Future?. Organization Development Journal, 30(2), p.31. Bralee, A., Peacock, M., Norton, S. and Johnson, S., 2015, December. Developing Safety Leadership Skills at all Levels in an Organisation Drives Goal Zero Performance. In International Petroleum Technology Conference. International Petroleum Technology Conference. Cameron, I., Hare, B. and Duff, R., 2013. An analysis of safety advisor roles and site safety performance. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 20(5), pp.505-521. Conchie, S.M., Moon, S. and Duncan, M., 2013. Supervisors engagement in safety leadership: Factors that help and hinder. Safety science, 51(1), pp.109-117. Dainty, A. and Loosemore, M. eds., 2013. Human resource management in construction: critical perspectives. Routledge. Fang, D. and Wu, H., 2013. Development of a Safety Culture Interaction (SCI) model for construction projects. Safety science, 57, pp.138-149. Floros, J.D., 2015. Academic Leadership through Strategic Planning. Academic Leadership in Higher Education: From the Top Down and the Bottom Up, p.161. Gillen, M., Schneider, S., Hecker, S. and Goldenhar, L., 2014. Safety culture and climate in construction: Bridging the gap between research and practice. Omni, 2013. Hardison, D., Behm, M., Hallowell, M.R. and Fonooni, H., 2014. Identifying construction supervisor competencies for effective site safety. Safety science, 65, pp.45-53. Li, H., Lu, M., Hsu, S.C., Gray, M. and Huang, T., 2015. Proactive behavior-based safety management for construction safety improvement. Safety Science, 75, pp.107-117. Rajasekar, J., Al Abri, S. and Tabouk, Y.S., 2013. Visionary Leadership in the Arab World: Its Nature and Outcomes in the Omani Workplace. In Culture and Gender in Leadership (pp. 37-47). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Rojas, E.M., 2013. Identifying, recruiting, and retaining quality field supervisors and project managers in the electrical construction industry. Journal of Management in Engineering, 29(4), pp.424-434. Shen, Y., Tuuli, M.M., Xia, B., Koh, T.Y. and Rowlinson, S., 2015. Toward a model for forming psychological safety climate in construction project management. International Journal of Project Management, 33(1), pp.223-235. Ulrich, D., Smallwood, N. and Sweetman, K., 2013. The leadership code: five rules to lead by. Harvard Business Press.

Third King Jigme Dorji Wangchcuk free essay sample

The third druk gyalpo was born on may 2,1928 at thruepang palace near the trongsa dzong. in his early education included study of hindi,English languages and the Buddhist literature. he started the training at his father’s royal court early learning through the instruction from his father and court officials, the tradition and driglam namzha. In 1943,at the age of 14, he was awarded the post trongsa droenyer the red scarf. the prince went to kalimpong and then to great britian for further studies. his father his majesty jigme wangchuck deeply thought of giving the future king a broader education. After arriving back to bumthang ,jigme dorji wangchuck was appointed paro poenlop at the age of 17. in 1952 ,he married azhi kezang chedon and princess choeying wangmo dorji Gongzim sonam tobgye dorji Gongzim ugyen dorji Sherpa penchung pala Azhi kezang choedon,gongzim palden dorji Ugyen dorji who served as he gyadrung to trongs poenlop was later promoted to gongzim when ugyen wangchuck assumed the throne. We will write a custom essay sample on Third King Jigme Dorji Wangchcuk or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page sonam tobgye dorji took the post of gongzim in the rein of 2nd king Jigme wangchuck. sonam tobgye dorji’s son palden dorji took the post after the death of his father. In 1952 the 2nd king passed away leaving the throne to jigme dorji wangchuck. Jigme dori wangchuck was by then well trained and educated by his father and was ready to take the throne. his majesty had a aim of making a organized government and to preserve Bhutan’s rich culture and tradition. His majesty assumed the position of head o state and government (the commander in chief and the ultimate court of appeal). The king after receiving the scarves of kingship from the sacred shrine of zhabdrung participated in three day ceremony in paro. Massive crowd gathered including the British official and choegyal of Sikkim. the capital was moved to thimphu and had become the permanent national capital and built his palace at kazhinag,dechencholing. Social Reforms removal of slavery and serfdom he had put in lots of effort to abolish the practice of seftdom and slavery which had been in country since he 17th century.